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LATICRETE Anti-Fracture and Waterproofing Products Help Rejuvenate 50-Year Old Mural on St. Jude Chapel
15/02/2018
The Genesis Mosaic on the façade of the St. Jude Chapel on Main Street in downtown Dallas was in need of repair to maintain its stability and restore its beauty. MIT professor Gyorgy Kepes’ 1968 mosaic was suffering from two major fractures, smaller cracks, and mildew under the surface.
Photo: Danny Fulgencio
The Genesis Mosaic on the façade of the St. Jude Chapel on Main Street in downtown Dallas was in need of repair to maintain its stability and restore its beauty. MIT professor Gyorgy Kepes’ 1968 mosaic was suffering from two major fractures, smaller cracks, and mildew under the surface. Julie Richey and Cher Goodson put together a team to complete the arduous task. Six weeks after beginning, the Chapel was ready to celebrate its 50th anniversary in 2018.
St. Jude Chapel
Photo: Julie Richey
The Fracture
This is an example of the state of the mosaic when we removed the silicone that was added years ago to stop the fallout of tiles.
Fractured mosaic
Photo: Julie Richey
Mapping the Tesserae
Clear mosaic tape was used to capture the andamento, or pattern of the tile before chiseling to remove tiles surrounding the fracture. Tiles were removed in six-inch sections.
Tile mosaic pattern
Photo: Julie Richey
The Fixers
The principal players involved in the restoration project: Cher Goodson, owner of Art Restorations of Dallas; Plano mosaicist Lynne Chinn of LCMosaics.com; Reverend Jonathan Austin, St. Jude Chapel chaplain; Julie Richey of Julie Richey Mosaics, and Callie Heimburger, conservator at Art Restorations.
The Historic Palette
We were so fortunate to have a long-time connection with Miotto Mosaics of Carmel, NY. Stephen Miotto is the godson of the founder of Venetian Art Mosaics Studios of the Bronx, NY, and when that business closed, he took over the stock of Italian glass tiles. This allowed us to pull colors from the same stock used to make the original mosaic. Venetian Art Mosaics Studios was responsible for several wonderful architectural mosaics created for Dallas institutions in the 1960s.
Removing the Crumbling Substrate
Callie and Julie use small stone chisels to remove the cracked and crumbling mortar.
Removing crumbling mortar
hoto: Danny Fulgencio
Surprise!
It was understood when we embarked on this preservation project that there were possibly more areas damaged than appeared on the surface. We were disappointed to find a horizontal fracture invisible from the street, which traversed the two vertical fractures. This fracture was treated with the same care as the verticals. Fortunately it wasn't too deep.
Color Palette
We removed loose and damaged tiles surrounding the two vertical fractures. 140 distinct colors were counted in these two, thin cross sections. This didn't begin to quantify the colors on the outer reaches of the mosaic: malachite and lime greens, azures, violets, pinks, tangerines, and 24-karat gold leaf tiles.
Eliminating Mildew
Mildew growing behind the tiles forced many of them to delaminate. The fractures, most likely caused by the building's settling event, then leaked water due to improper flashing on the roof. Now that the roof has been repaired and the mosaic is not subjected to water damage from behind, the fracture is dry. The mildew was neutralized with a bleach gel.
The Curve
An interesting detail of the mosaic was the curve on the southern side of the façade. This area was almost completely covered in 24-karat gold leaf Venetian glass—beautiful—but very thin tile. The mortar here was very fragile. Attempts to prepare the surface for just a few tiles to be reseated resulted in twice as many falling out. We waterproofed the area and made an invisible repair.
Recreating the Sections
Once we carefully documented the areas to be removed, cleaned the tiles, and received replacements from the stock at Miotto Mosaics Studios in NY, we were ready to rebuild. Using both printed “before” photos of the mosaic and our iPads and iPhones (for easy enlargement of the details), we were able to identify original tiles and put them right back next to their neighbors. A classic example of ancient craft and modern technology working together.
Puzzle Time
Careful attention to color, shape, and pattern allowed our three “puzzlers” to rebuild the missing sections. The lids served as “trays” for each page of the rebuilt sections.
Beginning the Rebuild
Julie Richey begins at the bottom of the small fracture, replacing tiles from the pattern.
Placing the Anti-Fracture Membrane
We were fortunate to have a great local rep from LATICRETE International, the company that provided our mortars, grouts, and anti-fracture compounds. In this case, it was HYDRO BAN® waterproofing membrane / anti-fracture fabric to the rescue. We coated the seams with HYDRO BAN® liquid applied waterproofing, then applied thinset and the custom-cut membrane. This provided a stable base for the replacement mosaic, and we are confident that the membrane will keep the old fractures at bay.
Placing LATICRETE HYDRO BAN
Photo: Danny Fulgencio
Re-Piecing Begins
It takes three to accomplish this task: Callie on the right is working on the thinner fracture; the wider fracture requires a tracker (Lynne on the left) and a fixer (Julie in the middle) to keep the tesserae and patterns in line.
That Tile, That Spot
Highly detailed photos allowed the team to ensure the exact tiles, based on their characteristics, were put back in place.
The Red Wash
Conservator Callie Heimburger created a special “wash” of Indian red and burnt umber to unify the design by coloring joints and mortar to match the intensity of the glass tesserae. This process was used in the installation of the original mosaic in 1968. We know this because we found traces of the pinkish-red stain under the loose tiles.
Almost Finished
Once the replacement of tiles along the fractures was complete, it was time to spot-grout low areas, and clean and replace randomly missing tiles across the façade.
About the Artist
Texas artist Julie Richey has been making mosaics for more than 20 years, creating custom residential and commercial installations in the US, Italy, Spain, and Mexico. Her mosaics and sculptures have been exhibited across the US and in Italy at the biennial Ravenna Mosaico Festival and at the Orsoni Smalti Veneziani Foundry in Venice as part of the Orsoni Grand Prize for Mosaic in 2009.